Mijn artikel in het Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Energierecht (NTE) van 2 december 2025 staat online. Door de uitbreiding van de reikwijdte van het ETS en de toenemende ambitie rijst de vraag of het ETS de verplicht deelnemende bedrijven vrijwaart van additionele, individuele CO2-reductieverplichtingen, opgelegd via art. 6:162 BW (onrechtmatige daad) en de maatschappelijke zorgvuldigheidsplicht (English…
Collapse of Koko cookstoves project is test for Article 6
The collapse of Koko Networks, a Kenyan clean-cooking startup, that employed about 700 people and served 1.3 million households, is a stress test for the role of Article 6.2 in carbon markets. The controversy, however, reflects a broader misunderstanding of the legal and procedural requirements of Article 6.2. It is not true, for example, that the…
Insetting: make climate impact in your supply chain and help meet national targets
A new climate strategy is gaining ground among companies to achieve their climate goals: insetting. This means financing the reduction of CO₂e emissions or increase carbon removals within a company’s own value chain (scope-3). This strategy can help identify additional potential reductions. It can replace financing external reductions in carbon projects that compensate residual emissions…
Rechtbank: Nederland beschermt Bonaire onvoldoende tegen klimaatverandering. Wat betekent dit voor de Klimaatwet?
De uitspraak in de zaak van Greenpeace namens Bonaire tegen de Staat is toch anders dan verwacht. Naast dat NL natuurlijk wel meer moet doen aan adaptatie specifiek voor Bonaire, en meer rekening moet houden met de belangen van de bewoners, stelt de rechter ook eisen aan emissiereductie. NL heeft, met de EU, internationaal gezien,…
Article 6: Time to move on and further move the needle!
Time to move on! Last week I attended the 25th IEA/IETA/EPRI GHG Trading Workshop under the feet of the Eiffel Tower. It marked 20 years voluntary carbon market #VCM, involved in 2 bln CO2 project reductions/removals cumulatively. And the EU #ETS has in 20 years brought EU emissions down with 8,5 bln ton CO2, 50%…
Setting aside a budget for “ITMOs” can avoid dead-lock on Art 6 trade
A surprisingly high number of project developers across Africa and Asia are hoping to earn ‘Corresponding Adjustments’ (CAs) for their verified carbon units (VCUs), effectively converting voluntary VCUs into higher-priced Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs) under the Paris Agreement. It is a common expectation, but rests on two shaky premises that could lead to disappointment…
Annual Paris Agreement Parties’ Summit more and more a political gathering; that brings extra risks
Last month’s annual climate summit in Belem, Brazil – CoP30 – is the meeting of the highest body of the Climate Convention and the Paris Agreement. On the one hand, annual operational and substantive decisions are made here, regarding reporting, the budget, progress on achieving climate goals, and guidelines for the carbon credit system. These…
Impact of the historic ruling of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)
What is the impact in practice of the historic ruling through the ADVISORY OPINION of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) of Juny 25, 2025? The ICJ advice said: Although the Advice is a ‘non binding ruling’, it is expected that countries can be seen accountable for climate damage by courts if they do not…